The issues uncovered during the internal assessment were categorized by severity, ranging from critical to informational. Among the most concerning were poor credential hygiene, including easily crackable or guessable passwords, misconfigured Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) certificate templates, unnecessary network services, and elevated privileges of service accounts. These findings portray common yet overlooked areas where healthcare organizations can be vulnerable to cyberattacks. CISA’s assessment also noted the organization’s strengths, such as effective antivirus software, strong wireless protocols, and the implementation of multi-factor authentication (MFA) for cloud accounts. These strengths played a major role in thwarting the team’s phishing attempts and other simulated attacks, illustrating the importance of comprehensive security strategies. The organization’s internal weaknesses presented risks, reinforcing the need for continual vigilance and improvement in cybersecurity practices.
To mitigate these risks, CISA recommends several strategies including strengthening password policies, regularly auditing and updating network services, and ensuring appropriate service account privileges. The integration of advanced cybersecurity tools and practices, such as endpoint detection and response capabilities and effective use of logs and alerts for situational awareness, are relevant. These recommendations align with the Cross-Sector Cybersecurity Performance Goals (CPGs) developed by CISA and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which provide baseline protections against common cyber threats.This RVA by CISA serves as a reminder of the evolving cybersecurity landscape in the healthcare sector. While external defenses might be strong, internal vulnerabilities can still pose risks. Healthcare organizations must adopt a holistic approach to cybersecurity, addressing both external and internal threats. This approach includes the implementation of robust technical defenses, and the cultivation of a cybersecurity-aware culture among all staff members. As healthcare continues to rely heavily on digital technologies, the lessons from this RVA are invaluable for organizations seeking to safeguard their data and systems against cyber threats.
CISA detailed the importance of implementing and maintaining a comprehensive asset management policy. This strategy is aimed at reducing the risk of exposing vulnerabilities in devices or services that could be exploited by threat actors. Key focus areas include the management of hardware, software, and data assets throughout their lifecycle – from procurement to decommissioning. Network segmentation also has a job in this strategy, as it helps in isolating different parts of a network to limit the spread of potential cyberattacks.The second strategy involves securing devices and digital accounts to protect sensitive data, including Personal Identifiable Information (PII) and Protected Health Information (PHI). Focus areas under this strategy are include email security, phishing prevention, access management, robust password policies, data protection, and loss prevention. Effective implementation of this strategy requires a combination of technology solutions, such as device logs and monitoring systems, and employee awareness programs to mitigate risks associated with identity theft and unauthorized access. This strategy recommends mitigating known vulnerabilities and establishing secure configuration baselines. By focusing on vulnerability and patch management, as well as configuration and change management, organizations can lessen the likelihood of threat actors exploiting known vulnerabilities. Regular updates and patches to software and systems are important in maintaining a secure and resilient cyber environment.
